Protective Effect of Olive Oil Microconstituents in Atherosclerosis: Emphasis on PAF Implicated Atherosclerosis Theory.

Atherosclerosis is a progressive vascular multifactorial process. The mechanisms underlining the initiating event of atheromatous plaque formation are inflammation and oxidation. Among the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diet and especially the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been widely recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns. Olive oil (OO), the main source of the fatty components of the MedDiet is superior to the other "Mono-unsaturated fatty acids containing oils" due to the existence of specific microconstituents. In this review, the effects of OO microconstituents in atherosclerosis, based on data from in vitro and in vivo studies with special attention on their inhibitory activity against PAF (Platelet-Activating Factor) actions, are presented and critically discussed. In conclusion, we propose that the anti-atherogenic effect of OO is attributed to the synergistic action of its microconstituents, mainly polar lipids that act as PAF inhibitors, specific polyphenols and α-tocopherol that also exert anti-PAF activity. This beneficial effect, also mediated through anti-PAF action, can occur from microconstituents extracted from olive pomace, a toxic by-product of the OO production process that constitutes a significant ecological problem. Daily intake of moderate amounts of OO consumed in the context of a balanced diet is significant for healthy adults.

To estimate oxidative stress and DNA damage in postCOVID patients

Title: To estimate oxidative stress and DNA damage in Post COVID patients. Background There are a subset of COVID-19 patients who develop sequelae to the disease and oxidative stress is a less studied factor in the development of the sequelae. Aims and Objectives: We have estimated levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) via malondialdehyde assay kit and DNA damage via alkaline comet assay in hospitalized post-COVID patients symptomatic 4 weeks after testing RT-PCR positive and studied their clinical radiological correlation as a means of estimating the oxidative stress in them. Method(s): It was a single-center, hospital-based comparative case-control pilot study in which 40 post-COVID-19 patients and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. The residual symptoms and baseline clinical and radiological profile of the subjects were also assessed and lipid peroxidation and DNA comet analysis were performed in the blood samples of patients and controls. Result(s): Mean value of LPO was increased (1155.9 +/- 204.82 nmol/ml) in post COVID subjects as compared to controls (715.5 +/- 85.51nmole/ml (P=0.0405). Values were directly proportional to the Severity of COVID (P=0.0317) and X-ray severity score(P=0.009) and were found higher in patients with comorbidities (P=0.0320) and multisystem involvement specifically in those developing a neurological sequela (P=0.0083). Damaged DNA tails and the tailing is directly proportional to DNA damage. The comet parameters measured in our study were Tail length, Tail DNA (%), and Olive tail moment. All these comet parameters were found elevated in Post COVID subjects as compared with healthy controls. Conclusion(s): Oxidative stress and DNA damage, has a role in the development of post-COVID sequelae as seen by high levels of LPO and tail DNA in these subjects.

Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Agricultural Residues Produced in Southern and Northern Greece

In Greece biomass is often being disposed of uncontrollably, resulting in significant environmental impacts. The aim of this study is the single-stage anaerobic co-digestion assessment, valorizing Northern and Southern Greece mixtures, resulting from previous literature reviews, experimental designs, and biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays. Regarding the methane yield maximization, in Northern Greece, the most suitable mixture was 10% corn silage, 80% cattle manure, and 10% malt;while in Southern Greece it was 10% corn silage, 57% cattle manure, 23% orange peels, and 10% olive pomace for fall/winter season. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was set at 20 d and an initial organic loading rate (OLR) of 2 g COD/(L·d) was applied, with a view to gradually increase it. However, volatile fatty acids accumulation was observed, which led to OLR reduction to 1.5 g COD/(L·d) for both experiments. The Northern Greece reactor operated successfully for OLR 1.5–5 g COD/(L·d), while further increase led to system failure. On the other hand, the reactor of the Southern Greece mixture operated successfully at OLR 1.5–2 g COD/(L·d), but further operation indicated inadequacy, probably due to inhibitor (such as limonene) accumulation. Mixtures consisting of corn silage, cattle manure, and malt can be successfully valorized at high OLR. However, further investigation for mixtures with orange peels is suggested due to the presence of inhibitors.

Known *Anti Sars-Cov Protease Inhibitors* On Sars-Cov-2 Related Intracellular Reception Sites: *Docking Interaction* And Computer Aided Optimization Of Molecular Structure For *Chemioselective Interactions*

Molecular docking and molecular dynamics aided virtual search of OliveNet™ directory identified potential secoiridoids that combat SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication, and associated hyperinflammatory responses. OliveNet™ is an active directory of phytochemicals obtained from different parts of the olive tree, Olea europaea (Oleaceae). Olive oil, olive fruits containing phenolics, known for their health benefits, are indispensable in the Mediterranean and Arabian diets. Secoiridoids is the largest group of olive phenols and is exclusive to the olive fruits. Functional food like olive fruits could help prevent and alleviate viral disease at an affordable cost. A systematized virtual search of 932 conformers of 78 secoiridoids utilizing Autodock Vina, followed by precision docking using Idock and Smina indicated that Nüzhenide oleoside (NZO), Oleuropein dimer (OED), and Dihydro oleuropein (DHO) blocked the SARSCoV-2 spike (S) protein-ACE-2 interface;Demethyloleuropein (DMO), Neo-nüzhenide (NNZ), and Nüzhenide (NZE) blocked the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the NZO-S-protein-ACE-2 complex by Desmond revealed stability during 50 ns. RMSD of the NZO-S-protein-ACE-2 complex converged at 2.1 Å after 20 ns. During MD, the interaction fractions confirmed multiple interactions of NZO with Lys417, a crucial residue for inhibition of S protein. MD of DMO-Mpro complex proved its stability as the RMSD converged at 1.6 Å. Analysis of interactions during MD confirmed the interaction of Cys145 of Mpro with DMO and, thus, its inhibition. The docking predicted IC50 of NZO and DMO was 11.58 and 6.44 μM, respectively. Molecular docking and dynamics of inhibition of the S protein and Mpro by NZO and DMO correlated well. Docking of the six-hit secoiridoids to IL1R, IL6R, and TNFR1, the receptors of inflammatory cytokines IL1β, IL6, and TNFα, revealed the anti-inflammatory potential except for DHO. Due to intricate structures, the secoiridoids violated Lipinski's rule of five. However, the drug scores of secoiridoids supported their use as drugs. The ADMET predictions implied that the secoiridoids are non-toxic and pose low oral absorption. Secoiridoids need further optimization and are a suitable lead for the discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. For the moment, olive secoiridoids presents an accessible mode of prevention and therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Quality Food Products as a Tourist Attraction in the Province of Córdoba (Spain).

Traveling to learn about the gastronomy of a destination is becoming increasingly important among tourists, especially in the wake of the pandemic. Quality foods endorsed by protected designations of origin (PDOs) are increasingly in demand, as are experiences related to their production processes. In this study, the seven PDOs in the province of Córdoba (Spain) are analyzed. These PDOs produce olive oil, wine or ham. A field study was performed, whereby 315 gastronomic tourists who visited a gastronomic route or a PDO in Córdoba were surveyed. The objective was to characterize the profile of visiting tourists and to anticipate future demand using ARIMA models. The results indicate that the growth in gastronomic tourism in Córdoba is lower than that in the wider region, and that there are no significant differences among the different profiles (oil tourist, enotourist and ham tourists) due in part to the fact that most tourists travel from nearby regions. The novelty of this study is that three products are analyzed, and strategies are proposed to deseasonalize this type of tourism, for example, by creating a gastronomic brand that represents Córdoba and selling products under that brand (especially in international markets), by highlighting raw materials and prepared dishes and by making gastronomy a complement to heritage tourism in the city and rural tourism in the province.

Consumers' willingness to pay for health claims during the COVID-19 pandemic: A moderated mediation analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a substantial threat to people's lives and raised health concerns. This research explores the mediating role of consumers' attitudes towards health claims in the relationship between consumers' interest in health claims and their willingness to pay (WTP) for health claims in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Additionally, we examine the moderation effect of COVID-19 risk perception in the relationship between consumers' interest in and attitudes towards health claims. Data were collected through an online survey in three countries: Spain, the UK and Chile. Findings confirm the mediating role of consumers' attitudes towards health claims. Furthermore, the relationship between consumers' interest and their attitudes towards health claims was stronger when COVID-19 risk perception was higher.

The interplay between health claims and sensory attributes in determining consumers' purchase intentions for extra virgin olive oil

A large body of literature has supported the idea that both food-intrinsic sensory attributes (e.g., taste, aroma, etc.) and food-extrinsic attributes (e.g., origin, health claims etc.) play a crucial role in consumers' purchase intentions. However, it is still uncertain how the presence of health claims in the era of high prevalence of diseases and viruses (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) might impact sensory attributes, and therefore shape consumers' purchase intentions. Thus, the aim of the study is to (i) investigate the impact of health claims presented to the consumers along with the sensory attributes on their purchasing intentions, and (ii) examine to what extent sensory attributes mediate the relationship between the presence of health claims and consumers' purchasing intentions. For that purpose, sensory analysis of a healthy food product (extra virgin olive oil (EVOO)) was conducted to examine consumers' interest in health claims in two scenarios: an informed scenario without health claims (n=102) and an informed scenario with health claims (n=105). The findings from a Structural Equation Model using STATA software suggest that the presence of health claims positively affects purchase intentions for EVOO. The sensory attributes taste and aftertaste partially mediate the relationship between the presence of health claims and consumers' purchasing intentions. Furthermore, consumers rated the sensory attributes higher in the presence of health claims. Therefore, the food industry should focus on ways to improve consumers' sensory and health perspectives by producing not only healthier food products with health claims but also tastier products than the ones available in the market. Moreover, food companies and marketers can make health claims more effective by targeting consumers' preferences and developing marketing campaigns using claims that are essential for promoting extra-virgin olive oil.

Investigation and quantification of the potential antioxidant, inflammatory, and antibacterial bioactive molecules of the extracts of Algerian black and green table olive brine

The table olive industry produces a large amount of wastewater that can be expensive to be treated and harmful to the environment. This study aimed to find a way to reuse brine water from the production of black and green table olive brines from Bejaia and Mascara of the Sigoise cultivar in order to create a valuable byproduct and con-tribute to sustainable development. In this context, the high-performance liquid chromatography–diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis revealed the highest concentration of hydroxytyrosol (4-(2-dihydroxy phenyl ethanol);69.67 mg/100 mg) for green table olive brines of Mascara (EOGM) and tyrosol (Ty) (28.8 mg/100 mg) for black table olive brines of Bejaia (EOBB). Presence of polyphenols and ortho-diphenols could be responsible for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. To assess antioxidant activity, the scavenging effects of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,20-Azinobis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate]) radicals as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radicals were used. The antimicrobial activity showed that the black olive extract exhibited the best inhibitory effect, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.625 mg/mL to 0.31 mg/mL. The anti-inflammatory activity of tested extracts of black olives of Bejaia (EOBB) and green of olives Mascara (EOGM) was 20.06 µg/mL and 20.21 µg/mL, respectively, which demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of these extracts on human beings.

Comparative Study of Novel Methods for Olive Leaf Phenolic Compound Extraction Using NADES as Solvents.

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) composed of choline chloride with maltose (CMA), glycerol (CGL), citric (CCA) and lactic acid (CLA) combined with microwave (MAE), ultrasound (UAE), homogenate (HAE) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHPAE)-assisted extraction methods were applied to recover and compare olive leaf phenolic compounds. The resultant extracts were evaluated for their total phenol content (TPC), phenolic profile and antioxidant activity and compared with those of water and ethanol:water 70% v/v extracts. HAE was proven to be the most efficient method for the recovery of olive leaf phenolic compounds. The highest TPC (55.12 ± 1.08 mg GAE/g d.w.) was found in CCA extracts after HAE at 60 °C and 12,000 rpm, and the maximum antioxidant activity (3.32 ± 0.39 g d.w./g DPPH) was found in CGL extracts after UAE at 60 °C for 30 min. The TPCs of ethanol extracts were found to be higher than those of NADES extracts in most cases. The predominant phenolic compounds in the extracts were oleuropein, hydrohytyrosol and rutin.

Digital communication in the olive sector: The case of the olive mills in the province of Jaén

Recent events such as COVID-19 and the conflict in Ukraine have increased the de-mand for olive oil, a key product in the Spanish agri-food system due to its history and foreign trade. Jaén accounts for 37% of national production. Through content analysis, the websites of the 74 olive oil mills in this province were investigated to identify the distinctive elements of their digital communication and the way they connect with their audiences. The results indicate that this is a traditional and con-servative sector that is starting to go digital, mainly through its presence on social networks. © GKA Ediciones, authors.

In Silico Approach for the Evaluation of the Potential Antiviral Activity of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) Bioactive Constituents Oleuropein and Oleocanthal on Spike Therapeutic Drug Target of SARS-CoV-2.

Since there is an urgent need for novel treatments to combat the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in silico molecular docking studies were implemented as an attempt to explore the ability of selected bioactive constituents of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) to act as potent SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) antiviral compounds, aiming to explore their ability to interact with SARS-CoV-2 Spike key therapeutic target protein. Our results suggest that EVOO constituents display substantial capacity for binding and interfering with Spike (S) protein, both wild-type and mutant, via the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Spike, or other binding targets such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) or the RBD-ACE2 protein complex, inhibiting the interaction of the virus with host cells. This in silico study provides useful insights for the understanding of the mechanism of action of the studied compounds at a molecular level. From the present study, it could be suggested that the studied active phytochemicals could potentially inhibit the Spike protein, contributing thus to the understanding of the role that they can play in future drug designing and the development of anti-COVID-19 therapeutics.

Efficacy of olive leaves extract on the outcomes of hospitalized covid-19 patients: A randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Since the emergence of the novel coronavirus, herbal medicine has been considered a treatment for COVID-19 patients. This study was done to determine the efficacy of olive leaf extract on the outcomes of COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial was conducted on hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Using block randomization, eligible patients were allocated to the following groups: intervention A received olive leaf extract (250 mg every 12 hours for five days), intervention B received olive leaf extract (500 mg every 12 hours for five days), and the control group received placebo (every 12 hours for five days). The outcomes (vital signs, laboratory tests, and length of hospitalization) were compared by group. RESULTS: Of the 150 patients randomized into groups, 141 completed the follow-up and were analyzed. On the fifth day of hospitalization, body temperature (MD=0.34, P<0.001), pulse rate (MD=5.42, P=0.016), respiratory rate (MD=1.66, P=0.001), ESR (MD=13.55, P<0.001), and CRP (MD=15.68, P<0.001) of intervention A were significantly lower than the control group, while oxygen saturation (MD= -1.81, P=0.001) of intervention A was significantly higher than the control group. Furthermore, body temperature (MD=0.30, P=0.001), pulse rate (MD=5.29, P=0.022), respiratory rate (MD=1.41, P=0.006), ESR (MD=14.79, P<0.001), and CRP (MD=16.28, P<0.001) of intervention B were significantly lower than the control group, while oxygen saturation (MD= -2.38, P<0.001) of intervention B was significantly higher than the control group. CONCLUSION: Olive leaf extract can improve the clinical status of the patients and decrease the length of hospitalization.

Benchmarked molecular docking integrated molecular dynamics stability analysis for prediction of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibition by olive secoiridoids.

Objectives: We performed a virtual screening of olive secoiridoids of the OliveNetTM library to predict SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibition. Benchmarked molecular docking protocol that evaluated the performance of two docking programs was applied to execute virtual screening. Molecular dynamics stability analysis of the top-ranked olive secoiridoid docked to PLpro was also carried out. Methods: Benchmarking virtual screening used two freely available docking programs, AutoDock Vina 1.1.2. and AutoDock 4.2.1. for molecular docking of olive secoiridoids to a single PLpro structure. Screening also included benchmark structures of known active and decoy molecules from the DEKOIS 2.0 library. Based on the predicted binding energies, the docking programs ranked the screened molecules. We applied the usual performance evaluation metrices to evaluate the docking programs using the predicted ranks. Molecular dynamics of the top-ranked olive secoiridoid bound to PLpro and computation of MM-GBSA energy using three iterations during the last 50 ps of the analysis of the dynamics in Desmond supported the stability prediction. Results and discussions: Predictiveness curves suggested that AutoDock Vina has a better predictive ability than AutoDock, although there was a moderate correlation between the active molecules rankings (Kendall's correlation of rank (τ) = 0.581). Interestingly, two same molecules, Demethyloleuropein aglycone, and Oleuroside enriched the top 1 % ranked olive secoiridoids predicted by both programs. Demethyloleuropein aglycone bound to PLpro obtained by docking in AutoDock Vina when analyzed for stability by molecular dynamics simulation for 50 ns displayed an RMSD, RMSF<2 Å, and MM-GBSA energy of -94.54 ± 6.05 kcal/mol indicating good stability. Molecular dynamics also revealed the interactions of Demethyloleuropein aglycone with binding sites 2 and 3 of PLpro, suggesting a potent inhibition. In addition, for 98 % of the simulation time, two phenolic hydroxy groups of Demethyloleuropein aglycone maintained two hydrogen bonds with Asp302 of PLpro, specifying the significance of the groups in receptor binding. Conclusion: AutoDock Vina retrieved the active molecules accurately and predicted Demethyloleuropein aglycone as the best inhibitor of PLpro. The Arabian diet consisting of olive products rich in secoiridoids benefits from the PLpro inhibition property and reduces the risk of viral infection.

High-temperature Thin-layer Drying Kinetic of Cultivated and Wild Algerian Olive Leaves

Olive leaves (OLs) are well known for being rich in oleuropein, their main bioactive molecule which has recently been attracting great interest from the scientific community due to its antiviral properties, including Covid-19 disease. Furthermore, the high-temperature/ short-time drying process has found applications for various plants and food processing, which might be also implemented for the drying of OLs. This study focuses on: 1. the mathematical modeling of thin-layer high-temperature-drying (HTD) kinetic of olive (var. Chemlal and Oleaster) leaves, and 2. the determination of HTD effect on some physicochemical properties (oleuropein, chlorophylls, and CIELab color parameters) of the dried olive leaves (DOLs). For this, four drying temperatures (100, 120, 140, and 160 degrees C) were applied. For comparison purposes, low-temperature DOL samples were also prepared. The obtained data have shown that among the tens tested mathematical models, the Midilli et al. model describes more correctly experimental data for all drying temperatures and for both olive leaf varieties (R-2 = 0.9960, SEE = 0.0085, RMSE = 0.0165 and chi(2) = 0.0006). Moreover, the results show that the HTD at 120 and 160 degrees C does not differ from freeze-drying in terms of oleuropein retention (p < 0.05), highlighting the technological interest in the high-temperature/short-time drying process. Considering the biological value of oleuropein, in particular its antiviral activity, the study deserves further investigation in order to elucidate certain questions such as the storability of DOLs, and their valorization as fortification ingredient in food and pharmaceutical formulations, evaluation in vitro of their biological activities, etc.

BETA BLOCKER AND CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER OVERDOSE COMPLICATED BY COVID-19 PNEUMONIA AND RENAL FAILURE IN A PATIENT WITH SEVERE OBESITY

SESSION TITLE: A Look Into Poisoning and Drug Overdoses SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/18/2022 12:25 pm - 01:25 pm INTRODUCTION: We present a case of a 64-year-old woman with severe obesity (BMI 53) who presented with shock after beta-blocker (BB) and calcium channel-blocker (CCB) overdose. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient presented after an intentional suicide attempt, taking multiple antihypertensive medications, including tablets of nifedipine 90mg, carvedilol 25mg, and losartan 100mg. She had also been experiencing shortness of breath and lower extremity pain for several days. Upon arrival, she was lethargic and minimally responsive, and was found to be in shock with a heart rate 63. She was intubated for airway protection and started on multiple vasopressors including norepinephrine, phenylephrine, vasopressin, dopamine and epinephrine for circulatory support. She was also found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2. She was given activated charcoal, received gastric lavage, and whole bowel irrigation. She received a bolus of regular insulin at 1U/kg, and subsequently started on a high-dose insulin infusion titrated to 11U/kg/h along with dextrose infusion and calcium gluconate. By day four of admission, vasopressor requirements had been reduced to only norepinephrine and the insulin infusion had been successfully discontinued. However, her hospital course was further complicated MRSA and Pseudomonas pneumonia, and renal failure requiring hemodialysis. She continued to develop refractory shock, and remained over 50 liters net positive. Her condition progressively deteriorated and her gross volume overload was difficult to manage, and ultimately expired on day ten of admission. DISCUSSION: The management of CCB and BB overdose has been studied, with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic therapy (HIET)1,2 as our choice. Our patient's decline was likely secondary to the high volumes of dextrose infusion required after HIET. With underlying renal failure, insulin clearance proved to be a significant challenge. Such severe obesity with a weight-based regimen resulted in over 1500U insulin/hr at any given point with our patient. Renal clearance is governed by a proportion of t/V, where t denotes length of a dialysis session and V the volume of fluid in the patient's body.3 Patients with significant volume would require extensive dialysis sessions and fluid balances would be challenging. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was attempted later in her hospital course. However, the patient was not able to tolerate it as she had progressed to multiorgan failure. CONCLUSIONS: HIET has shown to be a successful management strategy for CCB and BB overdose. However, weight-based dosing can prove to be a challenge in patients with severe obesity. CRRT should be considered early in severely obese patients that undergo HIET, given the rapid accumulation of fluid secondary to the large-volume insulin and dextrose infusions. Further investigations should look into identifying maximal safe dosages of HIET, especially in severely obese patients. Reference #1: Cole JB, Arens AM, Laes JR, Klein LR, Bangh SA, Olives TD. High dose insulin for beta-blocker and calcium channel-blocker poisoning. Am J Emerg Med. 2018 Oct;36(10):1817-1824. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.02.004 Reference #2: Krenz JR, Kaakeh Y. An Overview of Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Therapy in Calcium Channel Blocker and β-blocker Overdose. Pharmacotherapy. 2018 Nov;38(11):1130-1142. doi: 10.1002/phar.2177 Reference #3: Turgut F, Abdel-Rahman E, M: Challenges Associated with Managing End-Stage Renal Disease in Extremely Morbid Obese Patients: Case Series and Literature Review. Nephron 2017;137:172-177. doi: 10.1159/000479118 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Alejandro Garcia No relevant relationships by Vishad Sheth no disclosure on file for Andre Sotelo;

Face Mask Embedded with Nanoemulsion for Reducing Facial Skin Adverse Effects Caused by Prolonged Wearing the Mask during COVID-19 Management

Background: Wearing a facemask is one of the precautionary measures for preventing coronavirus disease spread, which causes many facial skin adverse effects. Vitamin-E (TPGS) and olive oil have an efficient effect on skin moistening. Therefore, in this study, face-masks embedded with NE;prepared using olive oil and TPGS, were developed to reduce the long-wearing face mask adverse effect. Methods: Box-Behnken design was used to develop NE formulations which were physically evaluated to select the most stable formulation. Fibroblast cell lines (3T3) were used to examine NE efficacy on dermal cell proliferation and in vitro cytotoxicity possibilities. Face-masks were also examined for 6 hr wearing dermal compatibility on healthy participants. Results: The formulated NE didn’t significantly affect cell proliferation nor had a toxic effect on dermal cells (p<0.05). More than 60% of the respondents were satisfied with masks containing NE. Conclusion: In particular, a face mask embedded with the preparaed selected NE formula could produce emollient feelings during application without retarding the breathing or causing any irritant sensation. © 2022, Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India. All rights reserved.

Assessment of Association Between the Potential Immunomodulatory Activity and Drinking Olive Leaf Tea in the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic: An Observational Study.

Objective: During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in addition to the current measures, the healthy immune system plays an essential role and various natural agents have been recommended to boost innate immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate any association between the potential immunomodulatory activity and drinking olive leaf tea (OLT) in the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: The study was conducted among the workers in a tractor factory where OLT was served in routine. Drinking at least one cup of OLT per day for a minimum of 1 month was the inclusion criteria used in the study. The workers who had a history of vaccination and COVID-19 were excluded from the study, and lymphocyte subsets, interleukin (IL)-2, IFN-γ, COVID-19-specific IgM and IgG levels were analyzed in all the participants to determine the asymptomatic individuals among the participants and compare the immunological parameters. Results: The study was conducted among 336 workers, 183 of them were OLT drinkers and 153 were OLT nondrinkers. The results showed higher values of CD3-/CD16/56 (natural killer [NK]) cells, CD3+/CD16/56 (natural killer T [NKT]) cells, total NK (NK+NKT) cells, and serum IFN-γ, and IL-2 levels in OLT drinkers compared to the nondrinkers. Although all the OLT drinkers and nondrinkers included in the study reported no history of COVID-19, specific COVID-19 IgG levels were found positive in 60% of OLT drinkers and 38% OLT nondrinkers. Conclusions: Peripheral NK and NKT cell values and IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion levels were found higher in the OLT drinking group. There were positive correlations between the OLT drinking frequency and NK cell counts. Moreover, the number of individuals who had "asymptomatic" COVID-19 infection was higher in the OLT drinking group than in the nondrinking cohort. Clinical Trail: The trial has been registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database (CTR NCT05222347).

Anti-Inflammatory Pantry Kit: Delivering Foods for Chronic Pain to the Patient's Kitchen

Methods: Participants of the 13 week program, Partner's Aligned in Transformative Healing (PATH), receive an Anti-Inflammatory Pantry Kit containing one retail size quantity of extra-virgin olive oil, avocado oil, pumpkin seeds, Brazil nuts, green tea, ground flax seed, dried lentils, maple syrup, ground turmeric, ground ginger, and coconut milk. During week 5 of the program participants spend 90 minutes with the registered dietitian (virtual or in-person, depending on the group) for an interactive education and sensory experiential. Participants leave with the food and knowledge of the ingredients and how to use them. The registered dietitian procures the ingredients and puts together the kits. Food costs are reimbursed by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Vermont as it has been incorporated into the program's bundled payment model for each PATH participant. Results: What emerged from this experimental adjustment to the curriculum is an innovation that has engaged participants to make modifications to their diets to increase whole food sources of omega-3 fatty acids, phytonutrients, dietary fiber, zinc, selenium, plant-based protein, and healthy fat;all of which are evidenced based nutrients that have been demonstrated to impact inflammatory and immune systems in individuals experiencing chronic pain. Background: The Anti-Inflammatory Pantry Kit was designed during the covid-19 pandemic as a way to continue to offer hands-on culinary medicine to participants at the University of Vermont's Comprhensive Pain Program in the comfort and safety of their own home. Conclusion: Culinary medicine at the Comprehensive Pain Program looks different now that it did prior to the pandemic and the changes have been received with enthusiasm. The Anti-Inflammatory Pantry Kit is a dynamic tool for nutrition and culinary medicine education for chronic pain participants. This tool and approach to medical nutrition therapy has been made sustainable by the reimbursement by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Vermont and the engagement of participants.

Extra Virgin Olive Oil Secoiridoids Modulate the Metabolic Activity of Dacarbazine Pre-Treated and Treatment-Naive Melanoma Cells.

Nowadays, many individuals, whether healthy or diagnosed with disease, tend to expose themselves to various easily accessible natural products in hopes of benefiting their health and well-being. Mediterranean populations have traditionally used olive oil not only in nutrition but also in cosmetics, including skincare. In this study, the phenolic profile-composed of twelve compounds altogether, including the secoiridoids oleocanthal (OCAL) and oleacein (OCEIN)-of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) from autochthonous cultivars from Croatia was determined using 1H qNMR spectroscopy and HPLC-DAD analysis, and its biological activity was investigated in melanoma cell lines. The EVOO with the highest OCEIN content had the strongest anti-cancer activity in A375 melanoma cells and the least toxic effect on the non-cancerous keratocyte cell line (HaCaT). On the other hand, pure OCAL was shown to be more effective and safer than pure OCEIN. Post-treatment with any of the EVOO phenolic extracts (EVOO-PEs) enhanced the anti-cancer effect of the anti-cancerous drug dacarbazine (DTIC) applied in pre-treatment, while they did not compromise the viability of non-cancerous cells. The metastatic melanoma A375M cell line was almost unresponsive to the EVOO-PEs themselves, as well as to pure OCEIN and OCAL. Our results demonstrate that olive oils and/or their compounds may have a potentially beneficial effect on melanoma treatment. However, their usage can be detrimental or futile, especially in healthy cells, due to inadequately applied concentrations/combinations or the presence of resistant cells.